to bale out

* * *

1) up;

upp ok niðr, upp ok ofan, up and down;

íkorni renn upp ok niðr eptir askinum, a squirrel springs up and down the tree;

grípa upp, to pick up;

upp með, up along;

líta upp, to look up;

búa (gera) upp hvílu, to make up a bed;

drepa upp eld, to strike fire;

2) with the notion of consuming;

drekka (eta) upp, to drink (eat) up;

ausa upp, to bale out;

skipta upp, to share it all out;

3) with the notion of discovery;

spyrja, frétta upp, to find out;

4) quite;

fullr upp flærðar, brimful of falsehood;

5) of time;

upp frá því, ever since;

upp heðan, henceforth;

6) upp á, upon, on;

upp á trú þina, upon thy faith;

upp á Ebresku, in Hebrew;

sjá, horfa upp á, to look upon;

hugsa upp á, to yearn for, to be bent on.

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adv. [Ulf. iup = ἄνω; A. S. and Engl. up; Dan. op; Germ. auf; from the compounded particle upp á (= Engl. upon) comes the mod. Dan. paa, as also the provinc. Dan. ‘pi, ‘punder, qs. upp-á, upp-í, upp-undir]:—up; upp ok niðr, up and down, passim; þrifa upp, to catch up; gripa upp, to pick up, Fms. xi. 124; taka upp, Nj. 55; ganga upp, to go up, ascend, Eg. 717; upp á hauginn, Fms. ii. 60; upp þangat, i. 60; upp til Fljótshlíðar, Nj. 69; upp með, up along, 74; upp ok ofan með ánni, Fms. iii. 56: of direction, sjá upp, líta upp, to look up, iv. 153; næst tungli upp frá, upwards, Rb. 110; hanga upp yfir þeim, up over one’s head, Bárð. 170; skamt á land upp, Fms. i. 60; hann hefir upp líking manns, Best. 47; upp var fjöðrin breið, Eg. 285.

II. with verbs; setja upp. skip, to launch, Fms. i. 62, Eg. 592; setja upp gnegg, see setja A.I. 4; skipa upp, to unload cargo, see skipa; grafa upp, to dig up, Nj. 86, 99; binda upp, to bind up, Bs. i. 194; réttask upp, to stretch oneself, Fms. v. 29; rísa upp, to rise; reisa upp, to raise up, Fms. i. 148; standa upp, to stand up; spretta upp, to spring up; vekja upp, to wake up, awaken, also to raise a ghost, x. 309; eggja upp, Nj. 69; koma upp, to come up, appear, Sturl. ii. 124; skella upp, to burst into laughter, 136; ljósta upp ópi, to lift up the war-cry, Fms. vii. 260; syngja upp, to sing up or loudly, x. 15, cp. Engl. to speak up; lesa upp, to read up, ix. 255; ráða upp, id.; segia upp, to say up, announce; telja upp, to count up, i. 21; inna upp, id., xi. 89; lúka upp, to open up, etc., see lúka; bjóða upp, to give up, yield up, Edda 32, Fms. vi. 241, Nj. 25, 76, Dipl. ii. 4, Grett. 147; gefa upp, to give up, pardon, Fms. ii. 33, x. 6; skipta upp, to share, iii. 92; gjalda upp, to pay up or out, x. 199, xi. 81; bæta upp, göra upp, smíða upp, to make up, repair, iv. 93, ix. 43, 338; búa upp hvílu, to make up a bed. Nj. 168; göra upp hvílu, id., Sturl. ii. 124; drepa upp eld, to strike fire, Fms. iv. 338; tendra upp, to light up, H. E. i. 455; bregða upp, to break up, Hkr. ii. 121, Fms. xi. 219.

2. with the notion of consuming; drekka upp, eta upp, to drink up, eat up; gefa upp, to give all up, Fms. vii. 197; brytja upp, skipta upp, to share it all out; ausa upp, Grett. 95 B; brenna upp, K. Þ. K.; eyða upp, Fms. ii. 118, xi. 236; gjalda upp, 26; beita upp, Eg. 49, 712; leggjask upp, to be deserted, Ld. 60.

3. with the notion of discovery; spyrja upp, to find out, Sturl. ii. 125; frétta e-t upp, Fdda (pref.)

4. denoting quite; kistur fullar upp bóka, quite full, 656 B. 1; fullr upp flærðar, full up, i. e. brimful of falsehood, Fms. viii. 391; cp. Dan. ‘have fuldt op af noget,’ to have a thing in abundance; höggva upp, to cut up, cut in pieces, ix. 381; hann þagði upp mörgum dægrum saman, iv. 167.

III. of time; vetrinn er á leið upp, Fms. xi. 52; sem upp á líðr, as it advances, vi. 217; upp frá Fardögum, Dipl. ii. 10; upp frá því, ever since, Fms. xi. 334, Sks. 717, Stj. 282, K. Þ. K.; upp héðan, henceforth, Gm.; til þings upp, up to the time of the þing, Grág. i. 262.

IV. with prepp,; up á, upon; upp á trú þína, upon my faith, Fms. i. 79; segja upp á trú sína, xi. 285; hafa statt upp á hjarta mitt, i. 284; upp á Ebresku, in Hebrew, Stj. 5, Am. 16; upp á fé eða umsýslu, Valla L. 202; sjá upp á, horfa upp á, Vígl. 20; abbask, slást upp á, to assail, Nj. 194, Grett. 143; fara með her upp á Dani, Fms. xi. 417; herja upp á, 11; upp á Svía-ríki, x. 50; leggja hatr upp á, Stj.; mannfalli snýr upp á Vindr, Fms. xi. 390; upp á skaða e-s, Th. 78; fýsask, stunda upp á e-t, Stj.; hugsa upp á, to yearn for, Fms. xi. 423; upp á vald ok forsjá Guðs, i. 185; heimta skuld upp á e-n, Dipl. i. 4; upp á kost e-s, upp á erfingja mína, at their expense, Ísl. i. 149 (v. l.), Dipl. iv. 8:—upp-í, up into; upp í Norrænu, upp í várt mál, Stj.; skipaði hann þat upp í fjórðungs gjöf síua, Dipl. v. 1; upp í jörðina, upp í skuld, 21:—upp-at, up to; upp-úr, upp-yfir, up above; upp-undir, upp-eptir, upp-með, up along.

* * *

(eys, jós, jósum, ausinn), v.

1) to sprinkle, pour, with dat.;

þær taka hvern dag vatn í brunninum ok ausa (viz. því) upp yfir askinn, pour it over the ash-tree;

ausa síld ór netjum, to empty the nets of the herrings;

fig., ausa sauri á e-n, to bespatter with abuse;

ausa e-m e-u í augu upp, to throw … in one’s face;

2) ausa e-n (or e-t) e-u, to besprinkle with a thing;

ausa e-n moldu, to sprinkle with earth, to bury;

ausa barn vatni, a sort of baptism in the heathen age (Sigurðr jarl jós sveininn vatni ok kallaði Hákon);

3) with acc., to bale;

ausa skip upp, to bale the ship out;

fig., ausa bát sinn, to make wetter;

4) of a horse, to kick or lash out with the hind legs.

f. ladle;

ekki er enn sopit, þó í ausuna sé komit, there’s many a slip ‘twixt the cup and lip.

* * *

jós, josu (mod. jusu), ausit; pres. ind. eyss; subj. eysi or ysi, mod. jysi (hauriret), cp. Lat. haurio, haus-it; not found in Goth. or in Germ.

I. to sprinkle, with dat. of the liquid, and the object in acc. or with a prep.; þær taka hvern dag vatn í brunninum, ok ausa (viz. Því) upp yfir askinn, …pour it over the ash-boughs, Edda 11; ef maðr eyss eldi (fire, embers,) Grág. ii. 128; a. síld ór netjum, to empty the nets of the herrings, GÞl. 427: a. út, to pour out, fé, Grett. 126.

2. ausa moldu, to sprinkle with mould, bury; hlóðu Þeir at grjóti ok jósu at moldu, Eg. 300; er hann höfðu moldu ausit, Bjarn. II; salr ausinn moldu, his chamber sprinkled with mould (poët.), Hervar. S.; ausinn haugi, Ýt. 26.

β. ausa vatni is a standing phrase for a sort of baptism used in the last centuries, at least, of the heathen age. The child when born was sprinkled with water and named, yet without the intervention of a priest; this rite is mentioned as early as in the Hávamál, one of the very oldest mythological didactic poems on record, where it is attributed even to Odin; ef ek skal Þegn ungan verpa vatni á, if I am to throw water on a young thane, 159; Jósu vatni Jarl létu heita, Jóð ól Edda jósu vatni, hörvi svartan, hétu Þræl, Rm. 7, 31; sá var siðr göfigra manna, at vanda menn mjök til at ausa vatni ok gefa nafn; …Sigurðr jarl jós sveininn vatni ok kallaði Hákon, Hkr. i. 118; Eiríkr ok Gunnhildr áttu son er Haraldr konungr jós vatni ok gaf nafn sitt, 122; eptir um daginn jós Hákon konungr Þann svein vatni ok gaf nafn sitt, 135, Fms. i. 66, xi. 2; fæddi Þóra sveinbarn ok var Grimr nefndr er vatni var ausinn, Eb. 26; enn áttu Þau Skallagrímr son, sá var vatni ausinn ok nafn gefit ok kallaðr Egill, Eg. 146, 147, 166, Ld. 108, Gísl. 32 (of Snorre Gode); and so in many instances from Icel., Norway, and the Orkneys, all of them of the heathen age. The Christian term is skíra, q. v. 3. metaph. of scolding or abuse; hrópi ok rógi ef Þú eyss á holl regin, Ls. 4; ausa sauri á e-n, to bespatter with foul language, ausask sauri á (recipr.), Bjarn. 33; a. e-m e-u í augu upp, to throw in one’s face, Eg. 576; hann jós upp ( poured out) Þar fyrir alÞýðu öllum glæpum föður síns, Mart. 80; um verka Þann er hverr jós á annan, Bjarn. 42.

II. of a horse, to kick or lash out with his hinder feet, opp. to prjóna, to rear up and strike with the fore feet; hestrinn tók at frýsa, blása ok ausa, Greg. 49; at merrin eysi, Sturl. ii. 40 C.

III. to pump, esp. a ship, with the ship in acc.; Hallfreðr jós at sínum hlut, Fs. 113, Grett. 95 A, Fbr. 173, N. G. L. i. 102: a. bát sinn, to make water, Fms. vii. 331.

* * *

(eys, jós, jósum, ausinn), v.

1) to sprinkle, pour, with dat.;

þær taka hvern dag vatn í brunninum ok ausa (viz. því) upp yfir askinn, pour it over the ash-tree;

ausa síld ór netjum, to empty the nets of the herrings;

fig., ausa sauri á e-n, to bespatter with abuse;

ausa e-m e-u í augu upp, to throw … in one’s face;

2) ausa e-n (or e-t) e-u, to besprinkle with a thing;

ausa e-n moldu, to sprinkle with earth, to bury;

ausa barn vatni, a sort of baptism in the heathen age (Sigurðr jarl jós sveininn vatni ok kallaði Hákon);

3) with acc., to bale;

ausa skip upp, to bale the ship out;

fig., ausa bát sinn, to make wetter;

4) of a horse, to kick or lash out with the hind legs.

f. ladle;

ekki er enn sopit, þó í ausuna sé komit, there’s many a slip ‘twixt the cup and lip.

* * *

u, f. a ladle, ekki er sopið kálið Þó í ausuna sé komit (a proverb), many a slip ‘twixt the cup and the lip, Grett. 132, Þórð. 51.

(-s, -ar), m. fire; taka eld, drepa (upp) eld, to strike fire: kveikja (upp) eld, to light a fire; bregða (koma, skjóta) eldi í e-t, láta (leggja) eld í e-t, to set fire to, to set on fire; e. varð lauss ok lék skjótt, a fire broke out and spread rapidly; e. hraut af sverðum þeirra, sparks of fire flew from their swords.

pp. grown old, worn by age; kvazt e. vera mjök frá úfriði, said that he was too old for fighting.

* * *

m., gen. ellds, also spelt ellz, [a word that may be taken as a test of Scandin. races; Dan. ild; Swed. äld; for the Teut. nations use the word feuer, fire, which is wanting in Scandin., though used by old Icel. poets, who probably borrowed it from A. S.; on the other hand, Ulf. constantly renders πυρ by fon, Icel. funi, q. v.; in A. S. poetry and in Hel. äled = incendiary occurs a few times, and älan = Lat. urere (Grein and Schmeller); Rask suggests a Finn. origin]:—fire. In cold climates fire and life go together; hence the proverb, eldr er beztr með ýta sonum, ok sólar sýn, fire is best among the sons of men, and the sight of the sun, Hm. 67: in reference to the healing power of fire, eldr tekr við sóttum, fire consumes ( cures) fevers, 138; sá er eldrinn heitastr er á sjálfum brennr, Grett. 136 new Ed.: allit., e. né járn, fire nor iron, Edda 82; hvárki egg né eld, 162; eldr ( sparks of fire) hraut or sverðum þeirra, Flóv. 29; e. þótti af hrjóta er vápnin kómu saman, Sturl. iii. 187, vide Fms. i. 292, vi. 153, vii. 338 (MS. ell), viii. 74, 202, x. 29. Nj. 74, Eluc. 19, 625. 178.

β. the eruption of a volcano, Bs. i. 803, 804; jarð-eldr, ‘earth-fire,’ subterranean fire.

COMPDS: eldsbruni, eldsdaunn, eldsgangr, eldsglór, eldsgneisti, eldsgólf, eldsgögn, eldshiti, eldskveykja, eldslitr, eldslíki, eldsljós, eldslogi, eldsmatr, eldsneyti, eldsstólpi, eldsuppkváma, eldsvélar, eldsvimr, eldsvirki.

II. esp. in plur. a fire on the hearth; the proverbs, við eld skal öl drekka, by the fireside shalt thou drink ale, Hm. 82; allir eldar brenna út um síðir, all fires (beacons) burn out at last (of the death of an aged man): allit., eldr á arni (vide arinn). In the old halls in Scandinavia an oblong hearth was built in the middle of the hall, and the fires kindled were called langeldar, long fires, with an opening in the thatch called ljóri for a chimney; the benches in the hall were ranged on both sides of the langeldar, vide Edda 82 (the hall of king Adils); hence the phrase, bera öl um eld, to hand the ale round the fire, viz. to one’s cup fellow on the opposite bench, Fagrsk. ch. 219, Grett. ch. 10, new Ed. p. 23; elda-skálar vóru stórir á bæjuni, sátu menn við langelda á öptnum, þá voru borð sett fyrir menn fyrir (innan MS. Holm.), sváfu menn upp (út MS. Holm.) frá eldunum, Kristni S. ch. 2; þá vóru görvir eldar stórir eptir endilöngum skálanum, sem í þann tíma var títt, at drekka öl við eld, Bs. i. 42; cp. Orkn., eldar vóru á gólfinu, on the floor, ch. 18, where the fire seems to have been made in a pit (vide eldgróf) in the middle of the floor, cp. also kipti honum upp at pallinum, vide bakeldr: again, at the evening and morning meals people gathered round the ‘meal-fires’ (mál-eldar), hence the phrases, sitja við elda, to sit at the fire; vóru görfir máleldar hvert kveld í elda-skála sem siðr var til, sátu menn löngum við eldana áðr menn gengu til matar, Eb. ch. 52: máleldr, the ‘meal-fire’ or the small fire, is distinguished from langeldr, the great fire, 276; þat var í þann tíma er þeir Snorri sátu við málelda (yfir málborði, v. 1.), ch. 26; höfðu menn orðit vátir ok vóru görvir máleldar (langeldar, v. 1.), Nj. ch. 8; ok er skálabúinn var mettr sat hann við eld, Fs. 6; snýr at dyrum, er menn sátu við langelda ( in the evening), Korm. ch. 15; um kveldit er menn sátu við elda, Orkn. 448: the phrase, sitja milli elda, to sit between two fires, to be in a strait, vide Gm.

COMPDS: eldahús, eldaskáli, eldaskára, eldsgörð.

III. a beacon, bale-fire, Gs. 18.

IV. in old poetry the fire of wounds or of Odin = weapons, the fire of the sea = gold; hauga-eldar, magical fire in old cairns; maur-ildi, a glow-worm; hrævar-eldr, a Will o’ the wisp, ignis fatuus.

V. as a prefix to pr. names, Eld-grímr, Eld-járn, Eld-ríð, etc.: in names of places it denotes volcanic ground, Eld-borg, eld-fjall, eld-gjá, etc.

prep. out of, = ór, úr, or.

* * *

m., gen. ýs, acc. dat. ý; [A. S, eow and iw; Engl. yew; O. H. G. íwa; Germ. eibe]:—the yew-tree; menn kalla ý einn við, Skálda 171; ýs angr, the yew’s bale, i. e. fire, Ó. H. (in a verse). The ‘yew’ has, strange enough, been omitted from the list of trees in Edda ii. 482, 483.

2. the name of the Rune Y, see introduction.

3. metaph. [cp. Gr. ταξός = a yew and τόξον = a bow], a bow; yew-wood making good bows, hence the Old Engl. custom of planting yew-trees in church-yards to furnish bows for the parish; sveigja ý, to bend a bow, Höfuðl.; ýr dregsk, the bow is bent, Edda (lit.); ý bendum skutu, the shot from the bent bow, Hallgr.; ýs bifvangr, the bow’s shivering mansion, i. e. the hand, Kormak: as also ý-setr and ý-stétt, the bow-seat—the hand: ý-skelflr, the bow-shaker, i. e. an archer, Lex. Poët.: ý-glöð, f. the ‘yew-glad,’ poét, the shaft, Edda ii. 494: ý-bogi (q. v.), a yew-bow: ý-dróg, the bow-string, poët.: ý-drótt (q. v.), archers: Ý-dalir, in. pl. Yew-dales, the home of the god Ullr, the great archer, Gm.